Stories tagged with protests
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Chiang Mai puts aside protest concerns and celebrates Songkran
During the three-day Songkran celebrations in Chiang Mai a ban on vehicles travelling on the moat road didn’t seem to stop loads of motorbikes, cars and pick-up trucks filled with people and containers of water from enjoying their annual New Year’s fun - soaking everyone walking along the way.
A merit-making ceremony at Thapae Gate signalled the beginning of the festivities. The ceremony was led by Amornphan Nimanant, the governor of Chiang Mai province, and was followed by a traditional parade, during which the Phra Buddha Sihing image was carried through the streets of the inner city, while residents sprinkled water on the image as a sign of respect.
Later, a traditional Lanna market was set up Thapae Gate, where residents and visitors could shop for local products and enjoy a Lanna Khantoke meal. Throughout the three days of celebrations, fire-crackers, fireworks and music added to the festive sounds and sights.
Although by all reports the Songkran celebrations were quieter this year and saw fewer foreign visitors, there was a notable lack of unpleasant behaviour and violence reported – which in the past have been blamed on excess alcohol consumption.
Posted by: Andrew on 22 Apr 2009, 15:58 -
State of Emergency in Bangkok - clashes expected
As Thailand's latest political crisis escalates a state of emergency has been declared in Bangkok and its surrounding six provinces in an attempt to restore order to the capital. Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva declared a state of emergency on Sunday after red shirted protesters from the United front for democracy, against dictatorship (UDD) forced the cancellation of the ASEAN+3 summit in Pattaya Saturday.
Protests from the group, led by fugitive and exiled former prime minister Thaksin Shinawatra have turned ugly after a mob of 10,000 stormed the Royal Cliff Beach Resort in Pattaya amid inadequate police security, forcing the airlift evacuation of heads of state and a major embarrassment for the crisis wracked country.
Bangkok remains at risk of violent clashes as the army are now set to be deployed and bring the situation under control. The protests, crucially, have moved from key administrative sites in the Dusit area, into the city proper as they try to block key roads and incite anarchy. They are demanding the government step down, accusing them of being illegitimate, while Thaksin himself is urging a revolution.
Several countries have issue travel advisory warnings and tourists are advised to avoid Bangkok for the time being as violent clashes between the army and this group of some 100,000 are anticipated Monday. Until now the government has been reluctant to use the army or heavy handed discipline on the protestors, fearful of losing face and credibility among the general population.
Following the Pattaya siege, the current crisis has lurched to an unprecedented level, reminiscent of the airport seizure last year, with mob rule becoming a popular tool for groups to voice dissatisfaction at the current political landscape. With the standoff reaching critical levels uncertainty remains in the capital, and unfolding events there might spill out to Northern and Northeastern provinces, including Chiang Mai.
The Southern provinces of Thailand remain peaceful and without risk but transport might be severely disrupted as the crisis unfolds.
The present government came to power four months ago after the ruling party was dissolved for vote fraud. MPs from a key factions of the party crossed the floor to help the opposition form a minority led coalition, which the protestors are refusing to acknowledge. Thaksin Shinawatra has been fighting to reverse his corruption convictions, unblock frozen assets and return to power, and has the support of the UDD.
No solution seems in sight for the political crisis and it is likely to cost the country a loss of more than 200 billion baht in lost tourism revenue.
Posted by: Andrew on 13 Apr 2009, 11:14 -
Pattaya under siege as ASEAN summit cancelled
The summit of the ASEAN+3 heads of state has been cancelled after militant protestors stormed the the Royal Cliff Beach Resort, terrorising the delegates and forcing an evacuation by helicopter of the VIPs. A state of emergency had been temporarily declared as the government battles with red shirted members of the United Front of Democracy against Dictatorship (DAAD) that is calling for their resignation.
Riot police failed to properly secure the area as a mob of approximately 10,000 massed at the site, threatening to stop the conference and accusing the government of being illegitimate. In a huge embarrassment to the country, the summit was abandoned when the protestors broke through the glass doors of the media centre, creating chaos.
The protestors had moved to Pattaya on instructions from leaders, including fugitive ex PM Thaksin Shinawatra after a week of disruptive protests at Government House in Bangkok. it is part of a democratic crisis that follows on from the protest and airport seizure last year.
The state of emergency was lifted hours later, after the delegates were airlifted to safety and the prostestors withdrew, claiming 'victory'. By late Saturday evening most of the prostestors had returned to Bangkok and Pattaya had returned to normal. However the situation in Bangkok remains uncertain.
Tourists planning visits to the South are not considered at risk, and despite the damage to Pattaya's reputation it has now been left alone in the current crisis, and visitors are unlikely to experience any further inconvenience in the city but transportation might be disrupted to and from the capital if the situation develops further.
The crisis stems from the dissolution last year of the ruling party on vote fraud charges. They were seen as allied to ousted former Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra, disposed in the 2006 coup. After the dissolution the opposition formed a government with a key faction of the previous government who crossed the floor to help form a minority led coalition. The DAAD are unwilling to accept this.
Posted by: Andrew on 11 Apr 2009, 10:47 -
Bangkok braces for massive demonstration
Anti-government demonstrators vowed to gather in their thousands in Bangkok in a massive show of strength aimed at forcing Thailand's prime minister from office.
The demonstration will be the culmination of recently intensifying activity aimed at destabilizing Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva’s fledgling government.
The so-called “Red Shirt” protesters have said that Wednesday will be their “D-Day”, and that upwards of 300,000 Thais will travel to Bangkok from the northern and eastern parts of the country in support of the demonstration.
Northern and eastern Thailand were strongholds of the exiled former prime minister Thaksin Shinawatra, who the Red Shirts support.
The former prime minister was deposed in a military coup in 2006, but he still wields significant influence, even from abroad. The People Power Party, which was faithful to him, won the elections in 2007 and assumed office at that time.
Tens of thousands of Thai who opposed the former prime minister and his policies took to the streets following the election, wearing yellow shirts – earning the moniker the "Yellow Shirts".
The Yellow Shirts stage sit-ins at Government House in Bangkok for over two months, occupying the government’s offices and finally blockading and shutting down Bangkok’s two main airports.
On 2 December, the demonstrations came to an end when the Thai courts ruled that the People Power Party had won the 2007 elections fraudulently, paving the way for Abhisit Vejjajiva to assume the office of prime minister.
Today, the situation has reversed itself and it is the Thaksin Shinawatra supporters who are demonstrating, maintaining that the current government was not elected democratically, and demanding that he step aside and call for new elections.
Posted by: Andrew on 11 Apr 2009, 08:15 -
Car carrying Thai prime minister attacked by Pattaya protesters
Anti-government demonstrators in Pattaya, Thailand chased after the car carrying Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva and smashed one of the car’s windows, according to reports in the local media.
The vehicle was outside a hotel in the coastal resort of Pattaya, located on the Gulf of Thailand, when protesters converged on it.
Many of the current anti-government protesters are supporters of the exiled former prime minister, Thaksin Shinawatra. They have been staging sit-ins in recent weeks outside of Government House in the Thai capital, Bangkok.
The protesters, known as “Red Shirts” have called for a massive rally in Bangkok on Wednesday.
Observers are saying that the continued demonstrations could undermine the government’s preparations to host ASEAN summits in Pattaya later in the week.
Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva took office last December, after the previous government was dissolved by the Thai courts, following months of anti-Thaksin protests.
The tide has turned, however, and the pro-Thaksin lobby is on the streets, calling for the dissolution of parliament and new elections.
The red-shirted protesters, who are members of the United Front for Democracy against Dictatorship (UDD), assert that the current prime minister has no legal claim to power, and accuse him of being a puppet of the Thai military.
Posted by: Andrew on 11 Apr 2009, 08:14 -
Thai government agrees to talks over protests
The government of Thailand is offering to hold talks with Thaksin Shinawatra, the country’s exiled former prime minister, in an attempt to end a series of protests by his supporters around the country.
In Bangkok, thousands of protesters have blocked government offices, in defiance of a court ruling that order them to move from the area.
Thailand’s deputy prime minister, Suthep Thaugsuban, has said the talks should be held to avoid potential violence. He insisted, however, that the government would not agree to Thaksin’s demand for the parliament to be dissolved.
The former prime minister has lived in self-imposed exile abroad since 2006, when he was ousted by a military coup. He has been appearing on video links, with increasing frequency, speaking to gatherings of his supporters who come into the capital from all areas of the country.
Earlier this week, the demonstrations led to the weekly cabinet meeting’s cancellation.
According to the protesters, who wear red shirts, Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva should resign, as he came to power illegally.
The current prime minister assumed office last December, after the government, led by allies of the exile prime minister, was dissolved by the Thai courts. The dissolution followed months of anti-government protests by tens of thousands of protesters wearing yellow shirts.
Posted by: Andrew on 04 Apr 2009, 14:34 -
Red shirt protestors vow to continue action
The latest crew of anti-government protestors in Thailand, creatively known as the Red Shirts for the colour of their garb, have vowed to continue their staged sit-in in front of Bangkok’s Government House despite failing to affect the ongoing business of the active government.
The organizer of the protestors, Jakrapob Penkair, issued a statement apologizing for any inconvenienced his group was causing such as disruptions to local traffic and general congestion in the already congested capital. Jakrapob claims the 3-day rally was necessary to pressure the government to meet their demands.
The Red Shirts are essentially the supporters of ousted prime minister Thaksin Shinawatra. They want, among other things, the people responsible for the airport seizures last year brought to justice.
The acting Prime Minister’s Office Minister Sathit Wongnongtaey said his government was unconcerned about the impact of the Red Shirts because they were receiving little support from local Thais. Sathit went on to say that they were even annoying people and suggested they were free to protest as long as they wish.
“Three days have passed and I see no excitement garnered by the Red Shirts,” Sathit said.
Posted by: Andrew on 27 Feb 2009, 19:00 -
Red Shirts plan massive protest at Govt House
The latest anti-government group of protestors, known as the Red Shirts, are planning a major rally a Bangkok’s Sanam Luang. The protest slogan “Red in the Land” will be the rallying call before the group moves on the Government House, where they plan to submit a list of demands.
Red Shirt leaders expect around 50,000 people to participate in the rally, whose goal is to force the present government to speed up prosecution of the PAD leaders for their role in seizing Bangkok’s two airports. They are also demanding the sacking of Foreign Minister Kasit Piromya, one of PAD’s main leaders, as well as the dissolution of the House of Representatives.
One of the key organisers, Jatuporn Prompan, said the Red Shirts would block all access to Government House until their demands were met. If this sounds eerily familiar, the yellow-shirted PAD protestors did exactly the same thing last year when they were vying for control of the government.
Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva said his government will never allow Government House to be taken over the way the PAD protestors did last year. Visitors to Bangkok this weekend should expect potential disruptions to the entire area around Government House and Sanam Luang.
Posted by: Andrew on 30 Jan 2009, 19:25 -
Thai King asks for peace
HM King Bhumibol Adulyadej, the revered King of Thailand, has asked the new government cabinet to try and maintain order and stability when it assumes control of the nation. After months of angry division between the two main political camps, Thailand’s monarch has called on the new government to put peace at the top of its priority list.
The King’s request and other comments were made at Chitralada Palace during the swearing-in ceremony for the 36 incoming members of the Cabinet, which is led by Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva. His Majesty the King said, “If you (ministers) perform well, the country could maintain peace and this would be a blessing for the country. It is what Thai people wish for.”
Truer words were never spoken, and perhaps his wishes will finally be heeded by a nation that has waited months to hear an official statement by the monarch on this matter that has embroiled his kingdom for months. Abhisit vowed to heed the King’s advice, telling journalists that he would try hard to bring unity back to the nation.
Abhisit also said that unity could “not be achieved without the cooperation of Thais nationwide.” Confidence in Thailand is reaching near-record lows as foreigners stay away and Thais themselves are losing patience over the embarrassing state of their country’s government.
Posted by: Andrew on 01 Jan 2009, 11:29 -
Anti-government protestors clog Bangkok
The colour may have changed from yellow to red, but the new group protesting in Bangkok has the same agenda: oust the new government. The United Front for Democracy against Dictatorship (UDD) is now Thailand’s anti-government political party, and they have blocked the road to Parliament so that the new Thai Prime Minister cannot make his policy statement.
Until Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva can address the Parliament the nation will not have an official or useful government. The red-clad protestors are supporters of fugitive former PM Thaksin Shinawatra, who was toppled in a 2006 military coup. The UDD have now moved their protest from Sanam Luang to Parliament, virtually repeating the actions of the yellow-shirted PAD protestors in August.
Deputy Prime Minister Suthep Thaugsuban said the new government had no plans to change the venue of the opening speech. If MPs cannot physically enter the Parliament building, then the speech will be delayed indefinitely until the MPs can get inside.
Thailand’s National Police Chief Pol. Gen. Patcharawat Wongsuwan is trying to negotiate with the UDD leaders to allow MPs to enter the Parliament so that the nation can get on with governing itself. The UDD leadership would not allow cars to enter the compound but said MPs could enter on foot. That prospect, however, is more than a little intimidating for incoming MPs. Visitors to Bangkok should expect massive congestion around the downtown Parliament area for the indefinite future.
Posted by: Andrew on 30 Dec 2008, 12:20 -
New round of protests for Bangkok
Now that the yellow shirts of PAD have put their man into the Thai prime minister’s seat, the anti-government protestors have a new colour to wear: red. Once pro-government, red shirt wearing United Front of Democracy against Dictatorship (UDD) is now the camp opposing the government.
They have promised to gather the day before the new government reads out its policy statement at Parliament, and protest indefinitely until Abhisit Vejjajiva, the new PM, dissolves the House of Representatives. Like the PAD protestors before them, the UDD don’t trust the incoming government.
If it sounds like déjà vu, it’s actually just another step in no direction for Thailand and its need for a stable, competent and honest government. The UDD is pro-Thaksin Shinawatra, and will hold their rally at Sanam Luang in the heart of Bangkok.
“Mr. Abhisit is not qualified for the premiership as he avoided military conscription. His behaviour violates the constitutional law and the UDD can't trust him to lead the country," UDD leader Mr Veera said.
The UDD will rally at Parliament but will not use the same tactics that the PAD used against the last government, in particular the seizure of Government House. In early 2009, the UDD plans protests in every province and will distribute its information to UDD members around the globe.
Stay tuned to The Nation newspaper for the latest.
Posted by: Andrew on 27 Dec 2008, 18:47 -
Airport crisis costs 24 billion baht
Thailand’s Ministry of Tourism and Sports has released a statement estimating that the cost of the PAD seizure of Suvarnabhumi and Don Muang Airports cost the Thai government around 24 billion baht just in emergency relief for stranded travellers during and after the crisis.
Sasithara Pichaichannarong, the permanent secretary of the Ministry of Tourism and Sports, told reporters that U-Tapao Airport was able to send 52,000 tourists home during the 10-day closure on some 600 flights. Sasithara added that the government spent no less than 24.3 billion baht to handle the airport crisis and compensate stranded foreigners in Thailand as well as Thais stranded abroad.
Around 2.2 billion baht was paid to hotels to provide between 120,000 and 150,000 rooms for the 350,000 stranded foreign tourists between 25 November and 9 December. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs also dished out 100 million baht to help bring Thai nationals stranded abroad back home.
The government had to provide 20 billion baht in emergency loans to businesses related to the tourism industry to help see them through the disruption. The Tourism Authority of Thailand has already launched a new promotional campaign aimed to revive its near-dead tourism industry. But the price paid for the problems caused by PAD will end up hurting the general Thai population more than any government faction or political party.
Posted by: Andrew on 17 Dec 2008, 10:10 -
Prime Minister out and airports open
A court ruling has removed the Prime Minister and the People’s Alliance for Democracy (PAD) is leaving Bangkok’s airports. The PAD is claiming victory and telling their supporters to go home, but be ready for additional protests if they are needed. The PAD had held Thailand’s two main airports hostage for 9 days in an attempt to get the Prime Minister to step down.
The airport authorities are now scrambling to re-open the airports and get stranded tourists back home. There are still an estimated 300,000 tourists stranded in Thailand. The authorities said it would take several days to get the airports running at full capacity. The
Thai airline companies have suffered massive losses during the protests. The airport closure cost Thailand an estimated 80 million dollars per day due to interrupted international business and loss in tourist revenue. Bangkok’s two main airports are major hubs for thousands of businesses around Asia. Thailand also exports many products that rely on cargo airplanes leaving from Bangkok.
Analysts say it will take several months for Thailand to recover from the political crisis. Not only money has been lost, but also Thailand has damaged its image throughout the world.
Posted by: Andrew on 04 Dec 2008, 17:18 -
Etihad joins Thailand rescue effort
Etihad Airways is joining Singapore Airlines and Cathay Pacific on the rescue mission to help the tens of thousands of tourists stranded in Bangkok due to the protest takeover of the Thai capital's two airports.
Ehitad is cranking up its special relief flights from U-tapao airport, about three hours east of Bangkok, to its home base in Abu Dhabi. The Emirates-based carrier has received special permission to operate flights out of U-tapao and will bring it its own special staff to help with the rescue operation.
The Etihad flights will use a Boeing 777, which can hold 378 passengers. Etihad captain Richard Hill said "our staff in Thailand and Abu Dhabi have been working around the clock to finalise the plans to assist those passengers who have been stranded in Thailand since Suvarnabhumi airport in Bangkok closed on Wednesday night."
Etihad Airways has to suspend its twice-a-day service to Suvarnabhumi airport following its closure on Wednesday evening, November 26, by the forced takeover of PAD anti-government protesters. The airline stated that its usual services will be resumed when the airport reopens. But that date remains completely unknown.
Posted by: Andrew on 29 Nov 2008, 12:22 -
100,000 tourists stranded in Bangkok
Around 100,000 tourists are reportedly stranded in Bangkok, unable to return home due to the forced closure of Suvarnabhum Airport by PAD protesters. Officials warn that this number may triple in the coming days if nothing is done immediately to bring order back to Bangkok's two airports.
U-tapao Airport in neighbouring Rayong Province has been trying to handle a few flights and get some international tourists home, but so far only six flights have taken off. On Saturday that number will increase to 15 and on Sunday to 45. But each flight can handle only 300 passengers maximum, so it's actually a drop in the bucket.
Asia Hotel, JW Marriott, Maenam Hotel and Centara Grand are acting as check-in venues for the lucky few who can get out via U-tapao. Airlines are set to announce specific hotels for their check-ins today.
Lufthansa, EVA Air, Scandinavian, and Canadian airlines have all shown a willingness to use U-tapao until the crisis is resolved. From U-tapao Airport passengers can get to Chiang Mai, Phuket and Krabi's airports and then connect to Hong Kong, Singapore or Kuala Lumpur.
The Tourism and Sport Ministry has stated it needs at least 200 million baht a day for accommodation and meals based on an estimate of 2,000 baht per head. These expenses are for the stranded tourists, according to Minister Weerasak Kohsurat.
Stay tuned to the Bangkok Post newspaper for the latest
Posted by: Andrew on 29 Nov 2008, 12:08 -
Thais do not want violence
A recent survey shows Thai’s are getting tired of the political violence that has plagued the country in recent months. In the survey, 94 percent supported the campaign to end the political violence, and to restore national unity.
The public-opinion poll was conducted by Assumption University over 19 provinces in all regions of the country. The university surveyed 2,698 eligible voters. The survey was reported to include all age groups with various levels of educations. The findings showed it did not matter how old or young, or how educated, Thai’s want to stop the violence.
Noppadon Kannikar was in charge of the survey conducted throughout Thailand. He believes Thailand can come together and unite despite the differences in political opinion. Mahidol Universtiy held a special lecture that addressed worldly problems, and how to address these issues in an intellectual manner. Noppadon Kannikar was a speaker addressing the political problems in Thailand.
"It is reassuring to learn that most Thais want to stop violence and have amicable talks. If Thais can weather this crisis, we shall be able to live peacefully despite our polar differences in political ideology," he said.
Posted by: Andrew on 04 Nov 2008, 10:12 -
PAD considering blocking Parliament
The main leaders of the People‘s Alliance for Democracy (PAD) anti-government protest movement are discussing a move to surround Thai Parliament on Tuesday 28 October when lawmakers are to meet to debate two critical issues pertaining to the current government.
PAD leader Pipop Thongchai confirmed that the group is seriously considering invading Parliament when both houses meet to discuss a plan to amend the 2007 Constitution. The other major issue on the agenda in Parliament is to talk about the current status of negotiations between the senior Thai and Cambodian army officers regarding the disputed Preah Vihear temple along the border between the two nations.
If PAD goes ahead with its latest demonstration, it will come exactly three weeks to the day when PAD supporters fought running street battles with police in Bangkok around Parliament that left two protestors dead and around 500 people injured. Pipop says his people believe the government is planning to amend the existing constitution which will lead to more problems.
PAD supporters feel the planned amendments are only meant to make amnesty for politicians like Thaksin easier, and that they have no real political or social value. Pipop insists PAD will try to avoid and even prevent any future violence during their efforts to remove the current government. Visitors, however, may want to hedge their bets and avoid the area around Parliament this week.
Stay tuned to The Nation newspaper for the latest developments
Posted by: Andrew on 27 Oct 2008, 08:02 -
Thai PM forced to flee ministry office
As protestors taunted him, threw plastic bottles, and in the ultimate Thai insult, hurled their dirty sandals at him, Thailand’s latest prime minister Somchai Wongsawat was forced to flee a mob of nearly 200 demonstrators who had gathered outside a government ministry office.
The protestors were demanding Somchai’s resignation just one day after the Thai high court convicted the country’s former prime minister Thaksin Shinawatra of corruption charges while he ran the nation between 2001 and 2006. Thaksin, and his cronies, are reviled by the main anti-government group of protestors known as PAD, who claim his administration massively abused power while in office.
Security officials had to whisk Somchai, who is Thaksin’s brother-in-law, away from the building where he was going to speak to the Ministry of Information and Communications Technology. The demonstrators, many whom appeared to work for state phone company, were waiting when he arrived, shouting “murderer” as they swarmed the prime minister.
After holding his meeting inside the ministry building, a tensely smiling Somchai was helped by his security entourage make it through the angry crowd and into a waiting vehicle. But he had to endure a barrage of plastic bottles, hand clappers and dirty sandals to get there. Somchai is under severe pressure to resign, a move he has so far rejected.
Keep up with the latest developments at the Bangkok Post
Posted by: Andrew on 26 Oct 2008, 04:52 -
Counter-rally against PAD hits Bangkok
A three-day rally to counter the People’s Alliance for Democracy (PAD) has kicked off in Bangkok. Around 10,000 people who support the present government joined a demonstration held by the United Front for Democracy Against Dictatorship (UDD) at Muang Thong Thani.
The event was centred around a special episode of the political talk show Kwam Jing Wan Nee (The Truth Today) and hosted by key members of the UDD, the ruling People Power Party (PPP) and even former PM's Office minister Jakrapob Penkair. The venue was a sea of red, the colour of choice for the new pro-government countermovement.
This is the first major gathering of pro-government supporters since the violent clash between the two opposing political camps on 2 September on Ratchadamnoen Avenue. The clashes left one UDD supporter dead and more than 40 people injured from both sides.
The three-day UDD rally will happen at Sanam Luang to express their disagreement with the PAD’s occupation of Government House, which they’ve held since 26 August. The PAD are planning a massive demonstration in front of the Royal Police Office in an effort to pressure police to accept responsibility for the 7 October clash between PAD protestors and police that left two people dead and hundreds injured.
Keep up to date with the Bangkok Post.
Posted by: Andrew on 12 Oct 2008, 06:34 -
PAD vow not to close Phuket Airport
Members of the People's Alliance for Democracy (PAD) protest group based in Phuket vowed not to close down the resort island’s airport like they did at the end of September. The statement came from Aparat Chatchutikamchorn, a core PAD supporter in Phuket, who said that even though tensions were escalating in Bangkok and police were using teargas, protestors in Phuket would leave the airport alone.
In fact, Aparat confirmed that dozens of protestors from Phuket and Songkhla had travelled to Bangkok to join the rally there. Despite the reassurances from PAD, local police in Phuket and Songkhla have tightened their security presence at the airports of both towns just in case things get ugly.
Phuket Deputy Governor Worapot Ratthasima remains confident that Phuket will not experience any violence like in Bangkok. But the police presence at City Hall, the airports and other strategic sites in Phuket and Songkhla suggest otherwise. In late September both Hat Yai and Phuket Airport were shut down for several days by PAD protestors, who blockaded the main entrances.
Posted by: Andrew on 09 Oct 2008, 04:07